Three Pillars of Exposure

Aperture
The iris and or pupil is related to the aperture.
The smaller the aperture the more blurry the background is , the higher the aperture the sharper the background.
The larger the f-number the sharper the picture and the smaller the f-number the blurry the background is.

Shutter Speed
During the day:
the dunking booth (fast)
the food eating contest (medium)
the rock climbing wall (slow)
someone working at a booth (slow)
the DJ/MC working at the middle of the circle (medium)
the Diamonds performance (fast)
During the night:

the dunking booth(medium)
the food eating contest(slow)
the rock climbing wall (slow)
someone working at a booth (slow)
the DJ/MC working at a booth (medium)
the diamonds performance (fast)
Aperture Priority, Shutter Priority, Manuel

ISO
What are the advantages of the shooting with the higher ISO setting at a sporting even like a night football game? As it gets darker the ISO brightens it up
What suggestions did the author make using a low ISO? if you change the Aperture setting higher
What suggestions did the author make using a high ISO? if you change it lower